ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine the nerve supply of external anal sphinctor muscle which contributes for the anal or urinary continence. METHOD: In the present study, sacral arc reflex was examined by an electrical stimulation of the penile shaft and recording of the compound muscle action potential from the external anal sphincter muscle with surface electrode, and pudendal nerve conduction was done by using a magnetic stimulation of proximal and distal cauda equina and recording from the external anal sphincter muscle. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean sacral arc reflex latency was 36.88+/-3.59 msec, and mean amplitude was 223+/-51.86 V with an electrical stimualtion. The mean latency by a magnetic stimulation of the proximal cauda equina was 6.34+/-1.29 msec, and the mean amplitude was 138+/-56 V. The mean latency by a magnetic stimualtion of the distal cauda equina was 3.67+/-0.44 msec, mean amplitude was 534+/-380 V. CONCLUSION: The pudendal nerve conduction study using a magnetic stimulation is a useful evaluation tool for the fecal incontinence of peripheral type, and neurogenic bladder.
Subject(s)
Action Potentials , Anal Canal , Cauda Equina , Electric Stimulation , Electrodes , Fecal Incontinence , Pudendal Nerve , Reflex , Urinary Bladder, NeurogenicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To get the mean values of obturator nerve conduction from 20 healthy adults. METHOD: Magnetic stimulation of the stimulated paralumbar area of the 3 to 4 root levels with needle electrodes placed in adductor brevis muscle and adductor longus muscle for both sides for recording. RESULTS: The mean latency was 5.44+/-0.91 msec in the right adductor brevis muscle, 5.70+/-0.62 msec in the left adductor brevis muscle, 5.49+/-0.73 msec in the right adductor longus muscle and 5.61+/-0.70 msec in the left adductor longus muscle. There was no significant difference between adductor longus and adductor brevis muscles for the mean latency. The mean amplitude was 11.26+/-4.10 mV in right adductor brevis muscle and 11.65+/-4.20 mV in left adductor brevis muscle, and 11.14+/-3.58 mV in right adductor longus muscle and 11.01+/-3.18 mV in left adductor longus muscle. There was no significant difference between adductor longus and adductor brevis muscles for the mean amplitude. CONCLUSION: Obturator nerve conduction study using magnetic stimulation can be a useful tool for the evaluation of obturator nerve injury.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Electrodes , Muscles , Needles , Obturator NerveABSTRACT
We examined 16 healthy adults in order to evaluate the hypoglossal nerve using magnetic stimulation. Surface electrodes were located in apex and anterolateral third of tongue. We stimulated two sites of head, vertex and o cciput. For occiput stimulation, the mean latency was 3.77+/-.32 msec in male and 3.81+/-.36 msec in female, for vertical stimulation, 6.94+/-.56 msec, 6.91+/-.52 msec respectively. For occiput stimulation, the mean amplitude was 4.84+/-.80 mV in male and 5.09+/-.88 mV in female, for vertical stimulation, 1.96+/-.34 mV, 1.15+/-.64 mV respectively.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Electrodes , Head , Hypoglossal Nerve , TongueABSTRACT
We examined 16 patients with unilateral tongue deviation using magnetic stimulator in order to evaluate central hypoglossal nerve palsy following brain injury. Surface recording electrodes were placed at the apex and anterolateral one thirds of tongue. Magnetic stimulation was performed at vertex and occiput. On occiput stimulation, the mean latency was 3.77+/-0.36 msec in affected side and 3.89+/-0.47 msec in sound side for male patients, and 3.9+/-0.61 msec, 3.90+/-0.55 msec respectively for female patients. The mean amplitude was 0.85+/-0.63 mV in affected side and 2.64+/-2.32 mV in sound side for male patients and 1.00. 8273;0.23 mV, 3.56+/-0.40 mV respectively for female patients. There was significant difference between affected side and sound side for amplitude. On vertex stimulation, the mean latency was 8.61+/-0.83 msec in affected side and 7.50+/-0.80 msec in sound side for male patients, and 9.66+/-1.14 msec, 6.48+/-0.44 msec respectively for female patients. The mean amplitude was 0.77+/-0.59 mV in affected side and 1.23?1.08 mV in sound side for male patients and 0.52+/-0.23 mV, 1.15+/-0.64 mV respectively for female patients. There was significant difference between affected side and sound side for latency and amplitude.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Brain Injuries , Brain , Electrodes , Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases , Hypoglossal Nerve , TongueABSTRACT
To elucidate the Ca2+ release mechanisms in the rabbit coronary artery, arterial preparations were permeabilized with beta-escin and changes in tension were measured under varying experimental conditions. Additionally, we investigated properties and distribution of two kinds of Ca2+ release mechanisms, Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) and IP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. When a rabbit coronary artery was incubated in a relaxing solution containing 30 microM beta-escin for 40 min. sensitivity to externally added Ca2+ was much higher in beta-escin permeabilized muscle than in intact preparations. The contractile effect of IP3 in beta-escin permeabilized muscle was also demonstrated; 2. Caffeine and IP3 contracted coronary arteries were permeabilized with beta-escin, but the amplitude of contraction was much larger in the presence of caffeine than of IP3. 3. Intracellular heparin completely inhibited the contractions induced by IP3, but not those by caffeine. On the other hand, procaine inhibited the responses to caffeine, but not those to IP3. Ryanodine inhibited both the caffeine- and IP3-induced contractions. 4. The amplitude of contractile responses was much larger to the maximal stimulation of CICR by applying caffeine than to the maximal stimulation of IICR by applying IP3. After the maximal CICR stimulation by caffeine, the activation of IICR by IP3 without the reloading of Ca2+ could no longer evoke contraction. On the other hand, after the maximal IICR activation, the activation of CICR could still evoke contraction although the amplitude of the contraction was smaller when compared with the case without the initial IICR stimulation. 5. Acetylcholine contracted coronary artery smooth muscles were permeabilized with beta-escin. However, in the absence of added guanosine triphosphate (GTP), the responses were very small. Acetylcholine-induced contraction was inhibited by heparin, but not by procaine. From the above results, it may be concluded that there are two kinds of mechanisms of Ca2+ release, CICR and IICR, in the rabbit coronary artery smooth muscle cell. Also, whereas the CICR mechanism distributes on the membrane of the whole smooth muscle Ca2+ store, the IICR mechanism distributes only on a part of it.
Subject(s)
Rabbits , Animals , Arteries/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Capillary Permeability/drug effects , Coronary Vessels/drug effects , Escin/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Intracellular Membranes/metabolism , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
To find the severity and the type of the cervicobrachial syndrome, through physical examinations and laboratory tests were made toward 137 patients complaining the cervicobrachial syndrome (CBS) through the health interview among 313 workers occupied in a microwave-oven assembling factory from December 1993 to February 1994. Results were as follows. 1. The prevalence of spontaneous pain was 94.9%, while 78.1% suffered from muscle tenderness, 63.5% suffered from muscle induration and 62.0% showed kinesalgia. 54.7% of patients showed positive cervical X-ray findings and 28.5% showed positive Morley test. 2. The muscle induration was associated with the total duration of the job among female workers. 3. The severity of neck tenderness was negatively correlated with the strength of the grip at both hands, positively correlated with the duration of overtime in male and the severity of the wrist tenderness was negatively correlated with the height in female. 4. X-ray findings, muscle induration, Morley test results, muscle tenderness on the neck and muscle tenderness on the shoulder were associated with subjective symptoms of the workers.5. The muscle tenderness was associated with the number of the complaints at upper extremities among the sufferings in daily life significantly and the electromyogram (EMG) finding was associated with; the number of the complaints: about neuropsychological system among the sufferings in daily life significantly. In conclusion, the results of the physical examination were related with the subjective symptoms of the cervicobrachial syndrome. The muscle induration, the muscle tenderness, cervical X-ray findings and the Morley test results were more useful for the diagnosis of CBS. More efforts to objectify the subjective symptoms were asked.